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[印尼]为什么北苏门答腊省的Batak人以基督徒为主? [复制链接]

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只看楼主 倒序阅读 0 发表于: 2012-06-14
— 本帖被 keating 从 方舆文化 移动到本区(2019-10-24) —
绝大多数Batak人都是基督徒,只有一小部分穆斯林,而他们北部的亚齐人却是搞伊斯兰沙里亚法的。印象中印尼基督徒集中在东部,而且苏门答腊近90%的人口是穆斯林……
ahdsighaodiqoeghqpwer
只看该作者 1 发表于: 2012-06-15
好吧,就認真的跟南野a君討論一下正經話題。

在東印度群島裏,一般來說,如果本身是信仰傳統地方神祗的(即是多神、無經典、不形成完整理論系統的宗教),比較容易受到外來的一神、有經典、有完整理論系統的宗教沖擊,或取而代之。

Batak人本來只有傳統信仰。當地沒有主要商業港口,因此外來宗教(伊斯蘭教、基督教等)進入得很遲。

據英文維基上面說,他們是英國人到來(英荷協定之前)後,才在傳教士的影響下皈依基督教的。在荷治時期基督教信仰繼續深化。

至於東印度群島的其他地區,北部的阿齊,由於是通往馬六甲海峽必經之路,因此很早就受到伊斯蘭教的影響。至於摩鹿加群島,由於盛產香料,所以很早就有葡萄牙和荷蘭的傳教士到來。

至於蘇門塔臘島上,北部信伊斯蘭教的為何不把信仰往南擴張。大抵當地土著根本沒有要把信仰擴張的想法。事實上在東印度群島,信仰的擴張幾乎都是透過商貿或政權進行的。如果Batak地區不屬北邊阿齊管轄,又不是商業熱點,即使地理距離接近,伊斯蘭教傳不過去也是合理的。
只看该作者 2 发表于: 2012-06-15
回 1楼(香港來的沛) 的帖子
The number of Acehnese Christians is small, however, a full Bible translation is available. I do not know at all what the current situation of the Christian Chinese community is in Aceh. Christians in Aceh consist mainly of soldiers, Chinese, and Bataks in the central and southwestern regions. There is no notable “Christian” area in Aceh, unlike neighbouring North Sumatra.






Since the 1950s Aceh has been considered a “special region”, with certain concessions to its Islamic character. Government offices of religious affairs certainly support and promote Islam.






Church burnings have been an intermittent occurrence for the past 30 years. (Aceh was a forerunner in the significant increase of attacks on churches that has taken place throughout Indonesia.) The most significant protestant church in Banda Aceh, the capital, was burned down in the early 90′s. Subsequently, permission to rebuild was refused.






Local church communities can have great difficulty getting permission to have a place for worship, e.g. having to build over water, or use the back of a shop.






Christians employed as teachers in schools (posted by the state education system) can come under enormous pressures to convert to Islam. Prayer for these isolated Christians is urgently needed.






The potential for conflict is perhaps greatest in South Aceh, where Batak ethnic communities include both Christians and Muslims. Without a clear ethnic-religious alignment, conversion to Christianity does not bring loss of ethnic identity and this can make conversion easier. Consequently, greater pressure could be brought to bear on the Christian community. (This is just my hypothesising about why South Aceh has been a region of conflict.)






Persecution of Christians is sometimes hard to distinguish from persecution of Chinese. During the massacres of “communists” in the 1960′s, many Chinese Christians were killed. In Aceh a religious test was sometimes applied: if the person could not recite the Arabic confession of faith in Islam they were put to death. I had this from a Muslim person who narrowly survived the massacres.






SHARI’A – THE ISLAMISATION OF ACEHNESE CULTURE






The implementation of shari’a punishments is a profound change in Aceh, which has not been governed by the shari’a for over 100 years.






Most Acehnese people do pray regularly, and attend the Friday prayers. However in cities, not everyone would have complied. The use of force to require attendance, on pain of caning, is a disturbing trend.






In Aceh traditional ways – referred to as “adat” – have in the past been a very important authority for regulating daily life. The role of adat is recognized in Indonesian law, and was central to the role of Acehnese rulers in pre-colonial Aceh. This adat or “custom”, being linked to the secular authority of the sultan, was always a balance to the shari’a. The recent introduction of shari’a law in Aceh is part of a centuries-long process of Islamising Acehnese culture, ultimately replacing adat with shari’a.






One can anticipate that there will be various areas of tension or conflict between adat and shari’a. For most Acehnese people, the whole Acehnese way of life is regarded as “Islamic”, so this tension will be confusing. It will slow the rate of shari’a implementation. Paradoxically, Christians could be more vulnerable in this context, because non-Acehnese adat has little authority in Aceh.





ahdsighaodiqoeghqpwer
只看该作者 3 发表于: 2012-06-15
回 1楼(香港來的沛) 的帖子
另外,摩鹿加的基督徒也有新教徒和天主教徒之分……
ahdsighaodiqoeghqpwer
只看该作者 4 发表于: 2012-06-15
當地沒有主要商業港口
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棉兰不是么?棉兰不是离Batak人聚居区很近么?
ahdsighaodiqoeghqpwer
只看该作者 5 发表于: 2012-06-15
不能用汉文译名代替拉丁文名称?
人,愿你永为福种。
只看该作者 6 发表于: 2012-06-15
回 5楼(多米诺骨牌) 的帖子
好吧,Batak是巴塔克人……
ahdsighaodiqoeghqpwer
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