市——city prefecture 地级市 县级市 直辖市 城市 市区
对于美国的市(city)的定义不是很清楚,查了一下在线韦氏词典,得到如下的解释(与区划无关的略去):
city:
a : an inhabited place of greater size, population, or importance than a town or village
b : an incorporated British town usually of major size or importance having the status of an
episcopal see
c capitalized (1) : the financial district of London
(2) : the influential financial interests of the British economy
d : a usually large or important municipality in the U.S. governed under a charter granted by
the state
e : an incorporated municipal unit of the highest class in Canada
日本的市是一个行政建制概念。市(city)的设置有四项条件:
①人口在5万以上;
②中心市区的居住户数占全市总户数的60%以上;
③从事城市性业务的人口占总人口的60%以上;
④按照都道府县条例的规定,具备都市的一切必要设施,如高等学校、图书馆以及环境卫生、社会服务设施状
况等。
为了推动町村的合并,日本曾两度降低市标准,规定在特定时期内,人口在3万以上的町村也可设市,因此现有
的市中有一些不足5万人。设市由有关町村提出申请,经都道府县议会通过,同自治大臣协商同意后设立。
中国的市也是行政建制概念,分为:
直辖市municipality directly under the Central Government
地级市prefecture
县级市county-level city
可见直辖市、地级市都不是城市(city)。至于县级市这种中国创造,无语……
prefecture:
the district governed by a prefect
prefect:
1 : any of various high officials or magistrates of differing functions and ranks in ancient Rome
2 : a chief officer or chief magistrate