[非洲]南非首都更名？ [复制链接]

<P>日前於一網站看到關於南非首都更名的消息，一查之下方知其行政首都比勒陀利亞(Pretoria)正打算更名為茲瓦內(Tshwane)。大比勒陀利亞地區於2000年已更名為茲瓦內，但其城市一直未更名，於2003年8月市政府以市民及市議會意見不一而一度無限期延遲更名，並組成專家團研究更名背後的歷史依據、市民意見等。於今年3月6日市議會於收到專家報告後再為更名一事辯論，似乎應已有結果。我在一論壇上看到有人說已經更名成功，但在網上尚未找到相關的報導。</P>
<P>比勒陀利亞是紀念於1838年打敗祖魯人，並於1855年建立城市的殖民者Andries Pretorius。而茲瓦內則是之前統治該地區的祖魯酋長。</P>
<P>雖然不能確定更名是否已通過，但在網上找到另一材料，指南非自廢除種族隔離政策後，要求放棄以殖民者命名城市或地理環境的呼聲越來越大。以下是於Times歐洲版網站找到的一些要求更名的南非城市：

Pretoria （比勒陀利亞）--> Tshwane（茲瓦內）
相信會遇到激烈反對，但已米已成炊。

Johannesburg （約翰內斯堡）--> Egoli（埃哥利）
此祖魯名稱已被非正式使用。

Cape Town （開普敦）--> Ikapa（依卡帕）
雖然有更名的呼聲，但似乎更名的可能性不大（因為原名與殖民者沒關）。</P>

謝沛的資料！！

真的是以前没有注意过这个，经过港沛介绍，特地查了一下平时上的挺多的一个网站。确实发现，南非的大部分Municipality 的名字上都带有（）标记，其中前十大 Municipality 分别写的是：

Johannesburg——约翰内斯堡
Ethekwini (Durban)——（德班）
Cape Town——开普敦
Ekurhuleni Metro (East Rand)
City of Tshwane Metro (Pretoria)——大兹瓦内（比勒陀利亚）
Nelson Mandela (Port Elizabeth)——纳尔逊·曼德拉（伊丽莎白港）
Buffalo City (East London)——布法罗城（东伦敦）
Emfuleni (Vereeniging)
Mangaung (Bloemfontein)
Thulamela (Thohoyandou)

后面的我大体扫了一下，估计也有八成以上是有括号标记，相信也都是因为被改名的缘故，如果真的是那样的话，那恐怕就是赛王莽了。

謝謝補充。嘩～伊利莎白港改名曼德拉，曼德拉雖被尊為新南非國父，但人還在世就拿他命名似乎不太好。

誰知道比勒陀利亞市更名的結果呢？我還未找到報導說是通過了或是否決了。

约翰内斯堡改名以后的中文大陆翻译是茨瓦尼

看来香港也有必要更改地名？道理是一样的嘛。

不过，好像南非都不考虑经济成本啊！这种大范围的更改大城市地名，工作量和花费都不小啊！

更新一下消息。從一個論壇上得知，這次比勒陀利亞「更名」，並不完全是「更名」，而是要把幾個行政區合拼（網上提及合併的對象為「Pretoria, Centurion, Mabopane, Soshanguve, Hammanskraal and other areas 」），而合併後的新行政區將會使用「茲瓦那」名稱，同時繼續作為南非的行政首都。

另，更名的確很貴，如果落實更名的話當地需用「1.5 Billion 蘭特」（即多少人民幣？）網上有人質疑這些錢用來救助愛滋病人會否更好。猜想這也是阻力之一。

以下是華盛頓郵報一則相關的報導。
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A30457-2005Mar12.html

此報導確認了市議會已通過了更名議案。但於南非任何更名皆需得到「南非地理名稱議會」（ South Africa's Geographic Names Council）及國家藝術文化部（the national minister of arts and culture）的批准，因此尚未正式落實。不過目前要國家政府通過阻力不會太大。

另一個南非網站http://www.southafrica.info/what_happening/news/pretoria-tshwane.htm報導指日後「比勒陀利亞」只可以於市中心一定範圍內（以DF Malan Drive為西界、Nelson Mandela Drive為東界、Pretoria railway station為南界、Boom Street為北界）使用「比勒陀利亞」名稱，甚至連南非政府的行政大樓都不在其內。新的茲瓦那市共有二百五十萬人口。另隨著更名市內十七條街亦要隨之更名。

當然，少不了要上一下新的茲瓦那市網站看看（舊的域名已不可使用）：
http://www.tshwane.gov.za/

還有比勒陀利亞新聞報的一篇文章「告別比勒陀利亞市」：
http://www.pretorianews.co.za/index.php?fSectionId=270&fArticleId=2438725

南非的地方政府在结束种族分离后，出现了不小的调整，省级方面4省变7省，而在省以下，目前可能是263个municipality，包括若干“国家公园”等地方。我3楼列的是人口最多的10个municipality。

他们的面积平均4600，主要集中在1722——5585平方公里之间。

旧南非的省以下行政区域划分还不清楚，估计新的263，可能是把原来的合并后的。根据2001年人口普查的结果，平均人口大概17万左右。

對了，那麼以前所謂的「家園」在舊南非裏其實佔何地位？我記得舊南非曾「賦予」他們「主權國」的地位（事實上是種族隔離的手段），從地圖上看斷斷續續的不連成一片，不知那些「家園」後來如何了？

昨天看人民日报，说5月26号，南非议会已经通过首都更名，由比勒陀利亚改成茨瓦内，大体过了一下，没看清何时正式改名！

先前香港來的沛好像發表過一篇南非都市改名的文章，挖出來映證一下吧

South Africans to rename capital The centre of the city will retain the name PretoriaSouth Africa is to change the name of its capital city, Pretoria, to Tshwane, as part of a move to make place names more African.

Pretoria was named after Andries Pretorius, a folk hero of the Afrikaner group, which set up apartheid.

Tshwane, which means "We are the same", is the name given to the area by early African groups.

The switch has been voted for by the local council. If approved, the city centre would still be called Pretoria.

New era

The African National Congress dominated council wants the entire metropolitan area, with some two million residents and also comprising other towns, to be given city status, with the name of Tshwane.

Under the plans, the Union Buildings which house many government offices, would fall outside the boundaries of Pretoria.

The South African Geographic Names Council is expected to approve the change when it meets in October.

The process of changing the city's name on maps would then start.

An international marketing campaign would then be started to make people aware of the new name.

"By embarking on this process and project of transformation, our country is making a clear distinction between the old and the new, the past and the present," Executive Mayor Smangaliso Mkhatshwa said during an acrimonious four-hour debate.

It is high time all those names given to Africans cities, etc. by the colonists are changed to reflect African identities Lisulo Lisulo, Lusaka, Zambia
Have Your Say

The opposition Democratic Alliance, which has strong support among whites, said the 1.5 billion rand ($256m) the switch would cost would be better spent on improving services.

It also argued for the continuation of the current compromise - retaining Pretoria as a city within the Tshwane metropolitan area.

DA councillor Derek Fleming said the new name had "less substantiation behind it than the mythical island of Atlantis".

以上報導來自BBC。首都改名，要花費256萬美金，嘿嘿

南非地名委员会裁定行政首都应当改名为茨瓦内http://news.sina.com.cn/w/2005-05-27/20376008665s.shtml

　　中广网北京5月27日消息 26日，南非地名委员会裁定，支持行政首都比勒陀利亚市政委员会两个月前的一项决定，将比勒陀利亚改名为茨瓦内。这意味着比勒陀利亚离更名又近了一步。

　　南非地名委员会在司法首都布隆方丹召开的一次会议上决定，稍后向南非文化艺术部长作出推荐，请他最后批准改名事宜。

该委员会主席托马斯.恩茨瓦说，在对市政委员会的提议进行了四个小时的讨论和研究后，地名委员会成员一致同意批准这项提议。

　　今年3月7日，比勒陀利亚市政委员会投票通过了行政首都更名计划，决定“比勒陀利亚”以后仅指目前的市中心地区，而整个地区将被称作“茨瓦内”。比勒陀利亚市长马哈特沙瓦说，首都更名显示了新南非与1994年以前实行种族隔离制度的旧南非的彻底决裂。

　　茨瓦内得名于在比陀地区定居的首批居民中一位非洲酋长的名字，意思是“我们都是一样的”。

　　比勒陀利亚市建于1855年，得名于南非荷兰裔白人（又称布尔人）移民领袖安德里斯·比勒陀利乌斯。在19世纪30年代，受到英国殖民者排挤的布尔人从南非南部的开普省一带大批向北转移，迁徙到比勒陀利亚地区定居。

　　21日，近千名南非白人走上比勒陀利亚街头游行，公开反对该市改名，称改名将抹杀南非白人反抗英国殖民统治斗争的历史。

　　但对许多南非黑人来说，比勒陀利亚这一名称象征着数十年的白人种族主义统治。新南非于1994年诞生后，南非政府主张改变带有殖民色彩和种族压迫色彩的市名、镇名和街名，更精确地反映南非本来的历史，行政首都改名计划由此提上了日程。

　　据媒体报道，南非文化和艺术部长帕洛.乔丹曾表示他准备批准更名计划。他说，“对比勒陀利亚改名感到歇斯底里的人们应当明白，这些地区的非洲本地名字早在19世纪以前就存在了。”

是2.56亿美金呢，联想到其他某些地方的正名运动，嘿嘿

喔喔嘔看錯了，哈哈真多錢

做图章的有要发财了

有什么用，市民已经把新名涂掉，重新用比写上原来的名字。乱弹琴。真是和中国建交后什么都学中国了。城市也随便改名了。哈哈

干脆把国名也改成“阿扎尼亚”。

幾年又過去了，不知現在南非城市更名的情況如何了呢？

引用第8楼香港來的沛于2005-03-16 02:20发表的  :
對了，那麼以前所謂的「家園」在舊南非裏其實佔何地位？我記得舊南非曾「賦予」他們「主權國」的地位（事實上是種族隔離的手段），從地圖上看斷斷續續的不連成一片，不知那些「家園」後來如何了？

1994年就已經併入南非相關省份

這個老帖被翻出，可是目前網路上的地圖幾乎還都是舊地名耶
大概只有在這個網站（http://www.sleeping-out.co.za/South-Africa-Map.asp）的地圖看到Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality 字樣
也只有這一張而已，而且Pretoria還在 ：


這張是全國地圖：

查了Wiki，看來正名運動還沒完全跑完程序

The Pretoria name change process
On 5 December 2000 a number of old Pretoria municipalities as well as others that fell outside the Greater Pretoria area were combined into one metropolitan area called The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The city of Pretoria remained largely intact within this municipality. The debate around the possible name change of the city of Pretoria raged ever since.

On the 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council unanimously approved a recommendation by the Tshwane Metro Council that the name Pretoria be changed to Tshwane. [7]

The legal process involved is as follows:

Recommendation to the Geographical Names Council.
Council approves / rejects recommendation (Approved - 26 May 2005).
Council gives its recommendation to Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan.
Minister approves / rejects recommendation.
Approved / rejected name is published in the Government Gazette.
Any person or body unhappy with the name change can complain within 1 month of above.
The minister can consult the Geographical Names Council with concerns raised.
The minister's decision, along with the reasons for it, are published
The minister will then take the matter before parliament where the central government will decide on whether to change the name or not based on the information before it.
Some controversial groups have attached themselves to the Pretoria name-change issue, including the trade union Solidarity [8]]. Solidarity and the Pretoria Civil Action Committee have threatened legal action should the name change be recommended by the minister.

As of November 2007 the name change has not yet been approved or rejected by the minister (step 4 above).

Early August 2007, it was reported in the press that the Municipality, after consulting with the Gauteng provincial government had withdrawn the application to change the name, and was instead contemplating a plan to change all road signs pointing to "Pretoria", to "Tshwane" or the "City of Tshwane" across the country. This plan raised threats of legal action from both political groupings opposed to the renaming, and concerns from municipal officials about the possibility of vandalism to the proposed road signs. [9] [10]. Later reports appeared to contradict these claims, to some extent [11].

查了wikipedia，看來正名運動還沒跑完程序：

The Pretoria name change process
On 5 December 2000 a number of old Pretoria municipalities as well as others that fell outside the Greater Pretoria area were combined into one metropolitan area called The City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality. The city of Pretoria remained largely intact within this municipality. The debate around the possible name change of the city of Pretoria raged ever since.

On the 26 May 2005 the South African Geographical Names Council unanimously approved a recommendation by the Tshwane Metro Council that the name Pretoria be changed to Tshwane. [7]

The legal process involved is as follows:

Recommendation to the Geographical Names Council.
Council approves / rejects recommendation (Approved - 26 May 2005).
Council gives its recommendation to Arts and Culture Minister Pallo Jordan.
Minister approves / rejects recommendation.
Approved / rejected name is published in the Government Gazette.
Any person or body unhappy with the name change can complain within 1 month of above.
The minister can consult the Geographical Names Council with concerns raised.
The minister's decision, along with the reasons for it, are published
The minister will then take the matter before parliament where the central government will decide on whether to change the name or not based on the information before it.
Some controversial groups have attached themselves to the Pretoria name-change issue, including the trade union Solidarity [8]]. Solidarity and the Pretoria Civil Action Committee have threatened legal action should the name change be recommended by the minister.

As of November 2007 the name change has not yet been approved or rejected by the minister (step 4 above).

Early August 2007, it was reported in the press that the Municipality, after consulting with the Gauteng provincial government had withdrawn the application to change the name, and was instead contemplating a plan to change all road signs pointing to "Pretoria", to "Tshwane" or the "City of Tshwane" across the country. This plan raised threats of legal action from both political groupings opposed to the renaming, and concerns from municipal officials about the possibility of vandalism to the proposed road signs. [9] [10]. Later reports appeared to contradict these claims, to some extent [11].

现在怎么没动静了？