[美国]美国的CDP（人口普查指定区）-翻译在2楼 [复制链接]

Census-designated placeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump t navigation, search

A census-designated place (CDP) is an area identified by the United States Census Bureau for statistical reporting. CDPs are communities that lack separate municipal government, but which otherwise resemble incorporated places, such as cities or villages. CDPs are delineated to provide data for settled concentrations of population that are identifiable by name but are not legally incorporated under the laws of the state in which they are located. They are often informally called "unincorporated towns."



The boundaries of such places may be defined in cooperation with local or tribal officials, but are not fixed, and do not affect the status of local government or incorporation. CDP boundaries may change from one census to the next to reflect changes in settlement patterns. Further, as statistical entities, the boundaries of the CDP may not precisely correspond with local understanding of the area with the same name.



By defining an area as a CDP, that locality then appears in the same category of census data as incorporated places. This distinguishes CDPs from other census classifications, such as minor civil divisions (MCDs), which are in a separate category.



However, the CDP has no separate town rights or city councils. The population and demographics of the district are included in the data of county subdivisions containing the CDP. In no case is a CDP defined within the boundaries of an incorporated city, village or borough. However, note that the Census Bureau considers Towns in New England states and New York as well as Townships in some other states as MCDs, even though they are incorporated municipalities in those states.



There are a number of reasons for such a designation:


The area may be more urban than its surroundings, having a concentration of population with a definite residential nucleus, such as Whitmore Lake, Michigan, or Hershey, Pennsylvania.
A formerly incorporated place may disincorporate or be partly annexed by a neighboring town, the former town or a part of it may still be reported by the census as a CDP by meeting criteria for a CDP, for example the former village of Covedale, Ohio and compare this with Covedale (CDP), Ohio.
The CDP designation may apply to large military bases (or parts of) that are not within the boundaries of any existing community, such as Fort Campbell and Fort Knox in Kentucky.
In some cases, a CDP may be defined for the urbanized area surrounding an incorporated municipality, but which is outside the municipal boundaries, for example Greater Galesburg, Michigan or Greater Upper Marlboro, Maryland.
The Census Bureau treats all townships as unincorporated places, even in those states where townships are incorporated under state law. This is so even in those states (i.e., Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey and South Dakota) where the Census Bureau acknowledges that "All townships are actively functioning governmental units." [1]
Some CDPs represent an aggregation of several nearby communities, for example Shorewood-Tower Hills-Harbert, Michigan.
Hawaii is the only state that has no incorporated places recognized by the U.S. Census Bureau below the county level. All data for places in Hawaii reported by the Census are CDPs.
In some states, CDPs may be defined within entities that may function as incorporated municipalities, but for the purposes of the census are regarded as minor civil divisions. For example, towns in Massachusetts and Connecticut provide all the services of an incorporated municipality, but may also include both rural and urban areas. CDPs may be defined to describe urbanized areas within such municipalities, as in the case of North Amherst, Massachusetts.
In some states, the Census Bureau may designate an entire minor civil division (MCD) as a CDP (for example West Bloomfield Township, Michigan or Reading, Massachusetts). Such designations are used in states where the MCDs function with strong governmental authority and provide services equivalent to an incorporated municipality (New England, the Middle Atlantic States, Michigan, and Wisconsin). MCDs appear in a separate category in census data from places (i.e., incorporated places and CDPs); however, such MCDs strongly resemble incorporated places, and so CDPs coterminous with the MCDs are defined so that such places appear in both categories of census data.

History

The Census Bureau reported data for some unincorporated places as early as the 1850 census, though usage continued to evolve through the 1890 census, in which, for the first time, the Census mixed-in unincorporated places with incorporated places in its products with "town" as its label. This made it very confusing to determine which of the "towns" were or were not incorporated. The 1900 through 1930 censuses did not report data for unincorporated places. For the 1940 census, the Census Bureau compiled a separate report of unofficial, unincorporated communities of 500 or more people. The Census Bureau officially recognized "unincorporated places" in the 1950 census, when these types of places were only recognized outside urbanized areas. In 1960, the Census Bureau for the first time recongized unincorporated territory inside urbanized areas, but with a population of at least 10,000. For the 1980 census, the designation was changed to "census-designated places". From 1950 through the 1990 Census, the Census Bureau had population requirements for unincorporated places or CDPs. This minimum population requirement was dropped with the 2000 census.

[edit]
ReferencesU.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, "Cartographic Boundary Files", Census-designated place. Cartographic Operations Branch, July 18, 2001. U.S. Census Bureau, "Census 2000 Statistical Areas Boundary Criteria", Census Designated Places (CDPs) - Census 2000 Criteria. U.S. Census Bureau, Chapter 9: Places, Geographic Areas Reference Manual Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census-designated_place"

人口普查指定区（CDP）是指美国人口普查局出于统计报告的需要而确定的一个区域。CDP看起来像那些建制市镇，但是缺少各自市镇政府的社区。CDP用来给那些根据所在州法并没有建制的有名字的聚落提供数据。它们通常被非正式地称为“未建制镇”。
这些地方的边界一般和地方政府或者部落政府合作确定，但并不是固定不变的，而且不实际影响地方政府和法人的法律地位。此外，作为统计实体，CDP的边界可能并不能准确的同地方上叫这个名字的地区对应起来。
通过定义CDP，这些名字在人口普查数据中，同建制地区出现在同一个分类中。这使得CDP不同于其它人口普查分类，如次级分区（minor civil divisions，如未建制的乡和镇），后者在另一个分类中。
然而，这些CDP没有独立的作为镇的权利和市议会。县的分区人口统计数据包含CDP。CDP不可能划定在建制市和村的边界内。值得注意的是，人口普查局把新英格兰和纽约州的镇以及其它一些州的乡当作县下次级分区（MCD），尽管它们已经建制了。

划分的理由：
这些区域可能比周边地区更加城市化，是明显的人口集中的聚落，如密歇根州的怀特摩尔湖（Whitmore Lake）和宾夕法尼亚州的好时（Hershey）。
可能是以前建制的地区撤销了建制，或者部分地合并于邻近的镇，此镇的前身或者部分仍在被统计为CDP。如可以比较俄亥俄州以前的康福戴尔（Covedale）村和现在的康福戴尔CDP。
CDP也可以适用于大的军事基地（或者一部分），如果该基地不在任何社区内的话，如肯塔基州的坎贝尔堡（Fort Campbell）和诺克斯堡（Fort Knox）。
某些例子，CDP可以划定在围绕建制市镇的但在该建制市镇边界外的都市化区域，如密歇根州的大风堡（Greater Galesburg）和马里兰州的大上马尔波罗（Greater Upper Marlboro）。
人口普查局把所有的乡当作是未建制区域，尽管在某些州，乡根据州法是建制的。虽然人口普查局承认在某些州这些乡是运作良好的政府单元，如在印第安纳州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、新泽西州和南达科他州。一些CDP是几个邻近社区的组合，如密歇根州的肖尔伍德-塔山-哈伯特（Shorewood-Tower Hills-Harbert）。
夏威夷州是唯一一个美国人口普查局认可的县以下没有任何建制的州。所有这些地区的数据都是以CDP的形式报告。
在一些州，CDP可能划定在一些作为市镇建制的实体内，但以统计的目的作为次级划分。如马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州的镇提供所有建制市镇的服务，但它们可能包括城市区域和乡村区域。CDP可能划定在这些市镇的城市化区域，如马萨诸塞州的北阿默斯特（North Amherst）。
在一些州，人口普查区可能划定整个县下次级分区作为CDP，如密歇根州的西布隆菲尔德（West Bloomfield）乡和马萨诸塞州的雷丁（Reading）。这样的指定适用于那些县下次级分区具有较大的政府职能并提供相当于建制市镇提供的服务的州，如新英格兰、中大西洋各州、密歇根州和威斯康星州。县下次级分区在人口普查数据中出现在同地方（如建制区域和CDP）不同的分类里。但是，在这些能划定为CDP的县下次级分区非常像建制区域时，它们同时出现在两个分类中。

历史
人口普查局从1850年开始报告一些未建制区域的数据，但1890年起用法一直在演变，当年，人口普查局第一次把为建制区域和建制区域混在一起，并标注为“镇”。但这样让人十分困惑，无法分辨什么样的镇是建制的，什么样的是未建制的。在1900至1930间，人口普查局没有报告未建制区域的数据。在1940年，人口普查局编辑了一个单独的报告，报告500人以上的非正式未建制的社区。在1950年，人口普查局官方认可了非建制区域，但仅限于城市化区域之外。在1960年，人口普查局第一次认可了城市化区域内部的非未建区域，但人口的下限在10000人。在1980年，名称变成了“人口普查指定区”。从1950年至1990年，人口普查局对于未建制区域或者CDP有人口下限要求，但此要求在2000年的人口普查中已被放弃。