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不太全。美国人口调查局网站有1970后的全部县级单位变动: https://www.census.gov/geo/reference/county-changes.html 我翻译了放在下面,各子类内也改为了按时间排列(原文按专名字母顺序)。不过有删节,只保留县区划代码(FIPS代码)有变化的变动,如新建、撤销、合并、县名更改。省略了其它区划代码未改变的那些变动,包括名字拼写修正(去掉空格、添加变音符号),和县以下的边界调整(原网站收录涉及200人以上、或缺人口资料但在1平方英里以上、或融合10平方英里以上的无人地区的县界变动)。 其实主要是阿拉斯加和弗吉尼亚比较折腾,主贴主要是省略了阿拉斯加的复杂情况。本文省略的县以下区划调整里主要也是这两个州。弗吉尼亚主要是因为建制市通常会逐渐扩大,在一般的州,市的扩大不涉及县界调整(市完全可以超出母县县界);但弗吉尼亚(独立)市的扩张必然会影响县级相当单位的界线。阿拉斯加主要是因为人口普查区是人口调查局强行定义的无政府县级相当区划,一旦要划分设立正式县级区划政府(郡区,或者市-郡区融合体)就得调整。 翻译标准:- County - 县
- County Equivalent Entity - 县级相当单位
【译注:独立市、阿拉斯加州的人口普查区、哥伦比亚特区华盛顿市是县级相当(不是等同)单位,而阿拉斯加州的郡区(见下)和路易斯安那州的堂区视为县级等同(不是相当)单位。】 - Borough - (阿拉斯加)郡区
- Municipality - (阿拉斯加)自治市
【译注:很多地方将阿拉斯加的县级等同单位“Borough”翻译为“自治市镇”,但是这一单位内又能设立市和镇;并且还有和市或镇融合的情况,融合之后有的称“City and Borough”,有的称“Municipality”,而后者才是更准确的译为“自治市”的对象。所以我更倾向将“Borough”译为“郡区”,而融合之后的“City and Borough”译为“市及郡区”,以免弄出“自治市镇下设市”、或者“市及自治市镇”又称“自治市”的复杂易混概念。另:人口调查局认为阿拉斯加的 Municipality 完全等同于 City and Borough。注意这两个单词在其他州有着完全不同的含义和翻译。】 - Census Area - (阿拉斯加)人口普查区 或 普查区
- Census Division - (阿拉斯加)人口普查专区 或 普查专区
- Parish - (路易斯安那)堂区
广告:欢迎围观本人关于美国行政区划的知乎长篇回答——美国的行政区划是几级的?州以下有哪些行政区划?美国的县相当于我国的哪一级行政单位? - 回答作者: 硝酸铵 http://zhihu.com/question/21365174/answer/61495674 Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970-Present 1970-现在 县及县级相当单位的实质性变动 1970s Changes to County Equivalent Entities in Alaska 阿拉斯加州县级相当单位的变动- The county equivalent entities in Alaska changed from Census Divisions in 1970 to Boroughs and Census Areas in 1980. The inventory and boundaries of the Alaska county-level entities changed substantially during the decade.
- 阿拉斯加州,1970年人口调查时划分的普查专区在1980年人口调查时改称普查区,且边界有调整。
【译注:阿拉斯加划分为若干郡区和一大片人口稀少的无政府未建制地区,郡区等同(不是相当)于其他州下的县。人口调查局将那片未建制地区划分为若干普查专区或普查区,这些普查区相当(不是等同)于其它县级单位。】 - New entities created in Alaska are: Dillingham Census Area (02-070), North Slope Borough (02-185), and Valdez-Cordova Census Area (02-261).
- 新建 迪灵汉普查区 、 北坡郡区 、 瓦尔迪兹-科尔多瓦普查区 。
Deleted county equivalent entities in Alaska 阿拉斯加州撤销的县级相当单位- Angoon Division (02-030)
- Barrow Division (02-040)
- Cordova-McCarthy Division (02-080)
- Kenai-Cook Inlet Division (02-120)
- Kuskokwim Division (02-160)
- Outer Ketchikan Division (02-190)
- Prince of Wales Division (02-200)
- Skagway-Yakutat Division (02-230)
- Upper Yukon Division (02-250)
- Valdez-Chitina-Whittier Division (02-260)
- 【译注:以上“普查专区”改专名为“普查区”,未一一翻译。】
New Counties or County Equivalent Entities 新建的县或县级相当单位- Manassas Park (independent) city, Virginia (51-685):
Changed from a town to a city and became independent of Prince William County (51-153) effective May 1, 1975; 1970 population: 6,844., - 1975-5-1,弗吉尼亚州,从 威廉王子县 中分离成立 马纳萨斯公园独立市 。
- Manassas (independent) city, Virginia (51-683):
Changed from a town to a city and became independent of Prince William County (51-153) effective June 1, 1975; 1970 population: 9,164. - 1975-6-1,弗吉尼亚州,从 威廉王子县 中分离成立 马纳萨斯独立市 。
- Poquoson (independent) city, Virginia (51-735):
Changed from a town to a city and became independent of York County (51-199) effective June 1, 1975; 1970 population: 5,441. - 1975-6-1,弗吉尼亚州,从 约克县 中分离成立 普库森独立市 。
【译注:弗吉尼亚州市县平级,县下只能有镇,一旦镇升级为市必须脱离母县;反之市要回归母县必须降级为镇,也有少数情况是市吞并其母县。】 Deleted Counties or County Equivalent Entities 撤销的县或县级相当单位- Nansemond County, Virginia (51-123):
Combined into Suffolk (independent) city (51-800) effective July 1, 1972. - 1972-7-1,弗吉尼亚州, 南西蒙县 合并入 萨福克独立市 。
- Washabaugh County, South Dakota (46-131):
Combined into Jackson County (46-071) effective January 1, 1979.- 1979-1-1,南达科他州, 沃沙波县 合并入 杰克逊县 。
1980s New Counties or County Equivalent Entities 新建的县或县级相当单位- Cibola County, New Mexico (35-006):
Created from part of Valencia County (35-061) effective June 19, 1981; 1980 population: 30,347. - 1981-6-19,新墨西哥州,从 巴伦西亚县 中分离成立 锡沃立县 。
- La Paz County, Arizona (04-012):
Created from part of Yuma County (04-027) effective January 1, 1983; 1980 population: 12,557. - 1983-1-1,亚利桑那州,从 尤马县 中分离成立 拉巴斯县 。
- Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (02-188):
Created from all of the former Kobuk Census Area (02-140) and an unpopulated part of the North Slope Borough (02-185) effective June 2, 1986; 1980 population: 4,831. - 1986-6-2,阿拉斯加州, 科伯克普查区 全部和 北坡郡区 的一部分成立 西北-北极郡区 。
- Aleutians East Borough, Alaska (02-013):
Created from part of the former Aleutian Islands Census Area (02-010) effective October 23, 1987. The remainder of the former Aleutian Islands Census Area was established as the new Aleutians West Census Area (02-016); 1980 population: 1,643. - Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (02-016):
Created from the remainder of the former Aleutian Islands Census Area (02-010) when the new Aleutians East Borough (02-013) was created effective October 23, 1987; 1980 population: 6,125. - 1987-10-23,阿拉斯加州, 阿留申岛普查区 拆分为 东阿留申郡区 和 西阿留申普查区 。
- Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska (02-164):
Created from part of the Dillingham Census Area (02-070) effective April 24, 1989; 1980 population: 1,384. - 1989-4-24,阿拉斯加州,从 迪灵汉普查区 中分离成立 湖泊-半岛郡区 。
Deleted Counties or County Equivalent Entities 撤销的县或县级相当单位- Kobuk Census Area (02-140):
All taken plus unpopulated part of the North Slope Borough (02-185) to create the new Northwest Arctic Borough (02-188) effective June 2, 1986. - 1986-6-2,撤销上述 科伯克普查区 。
- Aleutian Islands Census Area, Alaska (02-010):
Split to create the Aleutians East Borough (02-013) and the Aleutians West Census Area (02-016) effective October 23, 1987. - 1987-10-23,撤销上述 阿留申岛普查区 。
1990s New Counties or County Equivalent Entities 新建的县或县级相当单位- Denali Borough, Alaska (02-068):
Created from part of the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area (02-290) and an unpopulated part of the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area (02-240) effective December 7, 1990; 1990 population: 1,682. - 1990-12-7,阿拉斯加州,由 育空-科尤库克普查区 和 东南费尔班克斯普查区 的各一部分成立 迪纳利郡区 。
- Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (02-232):
Created from the remainder of the former Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area (02-231) when the new Yakutat City and Borough (02-282) was created effective September 22, 1992; 1990 population: 3,679. - Yakutat City and Borough, Alaska (02-282):
Created from part of the former Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area (02-231) effective September 22, 1992. The remainder of the former Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area was established as the new Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-232) effective September 22, 1992; 1990 population: 725. - 1992-9-22,阿拉斯加州,特斯卡圭-亚库塔特-安贡普查区 拆分为 亚库塔特市及郡区 和 斯卡圭-胡纳-安贡普查区 。
Deleted Counties or County Equivalent Entities 撤销的县或县级相当单位- Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (02-231):
Split to create the Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-232) and Yakutat City and Borough (02-282) effective September 22, 1992. - 1992-9-22,撤销上述 特斯卡圭-亚库塔特-安贡普查区 。
- South Boston (independent) city, Virginia (51-780):
Changed to town status and added to Halifax County (51-083) effective June 30, 1995. - 1995-6-30,弗吉尼亚州, 南波士顿独立市 并入 哈利法克斯县 。
- Yellowstone National Park (county equivalent), Montana (30-113):
Annexed to Gallatin (30-031) and Park (30-067) counties effective November 7, 1997. - 1997-11-7,蒙大拿州,撤销 黄石国家公园(县级相当单位),合并到 加拉廷县 和 帕克县 。
【译注:原 黄石国家公园(县级相当单位) 仅包含黄石国家公园位于蒙大拿州的一小部分;公园的大部分位于怀俄明州、另一小部分位于爱达荷州,并各自隶属一或多县。】 Name and/or Code Changes or Corrections for Counties or County Equivalent Entities 县或县级相当单位的名称或代码更改或修正【译注:仅修正的情况已省略】- Dade County, Florida (12-025):
Renamed as Miami-Dade County (12-086) effective July 22, 1997. - Miami-Dade County, Florida (12-086):
Renamed from Dade County (12-025) effective July 22, 1997. - 1997-7-22,佛罗里达州, 戴德县 改名为 迈阿密-戴德县 。
2000s New Counties or County Equivalent Entities 新建的县或县级相当单位- Broomfield County, Colorado (08-014):
Created from parts of Adams (08-001), Boulder (08-013), Jefferson (08-059), and Weld (08-123) counties effective November 15, 2001. The boundaries of Broomfield County reflect the boundaries of Broomfield city legally in effect on that date; estimated population: 39,177. - 2001-11-15,科罗拉多州, 亚当斯县 、 博尔德县 、 杰弗逊县 、 韦尔德县 各一部分成立 布鲁姆菲尔德县 。
- Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (02-105):
Created from the remainder of the former Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-232) when the new Skagway Municipality (02-230) was created effective June 20, 2007; population: 2,574. - Skagway Municipality, Alaska (02-230):
Created from part of the former Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-232) effective June 20, 2007; boundaries are identical to Skagway census subarea; population: 862. The remainder of the former Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area was established as the new Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-105)., - 2007-6-20,阿拉斯加州, 斯卡圭-胡纳-安贡普查区 拆分为 胡纳-安贡普查区 和 斯卡圭自治市 。
- Petersburg Census Area, Alaska (02-195):
Created from the remainder of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area (02-280) when the new Wrangell City and Borough was created effective June 1, 2008; estimated population: 4,260. - Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska (02-198):
Created from the remainder of the former Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area (02-201) after part (Outer Ketchikan area) was annexed by Ketchikan Gateway Borough (02-130) effective May 19, 2008, and part (Meyers Chuck area) included in the new Wrangell City and Borough effective June 1, 2008; estimated population: 6,115. - Wrangell City and Borough, Alaska (02-275):
Created from part of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area (02-280) and part of Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area (02-201) (Meyers Chuck area) effective June 1, 2008; estimated population: 2,448. The remainder of the former Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area was established as the new Petersburg Census Area (02-195) effective June 1, 2008. - 2008-6-1,阿拉斯加州, 兰格尔-皮特斯堡普查区 和 威尔士亲王-外克奇坎普查区 各一部分成立 兰格尔市及郡区 ,前者剩余部分改称 皮特斯堡普查区 ; 威尔士亲王-外克奇坎普查区 的另一部分并入 克奇坎门郡区 ,剩余部分改称 威尔士亲王-海德普查区 。
- Deleted Counties or County Equivalent Entities
撤销的县或县级相当单位- Clifton Forge (independent) city, Virginia (51-560):
Changed to town status and added to Alleghany County (51-005) effective July 1, 2001. - 2001-7-1,弗吉尼亚州, 克里夫顿·福格独立市 并入 阿利根尼县 。
- Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (02-232):
Split to create Skagway Municipality (02-230) and Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-105), effective June 20, 2007. - 2007-6-20,撤销上述 斯卡圭-胡纳-安贡普查区 。
- Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area, Alaska (02-201):
Part (Outer Ketchikan area) annexed by Ketchikan Gateway Borough (02-130) and part (Meyers Chuck area) included in new Wrangell City and Borough (02-275), remainder renamed Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area (02-198) effective May 19, 2008. - Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, Alaska (02-280):
Split to create part of Wrangell City and Borough (02-275) and all of Petersburg Census Area (02-195), effective June 1, 2008. - 2008-6-1,撤销上述 兰格尔-皮特斯堡普查区 和 威尔士亲王-外克奇坎普查区 。
2010s New Counties or County Equivalent Entities 新建的县或县级相当单位- Petersburg Borough, Alaska (02-195):
Created from part of former Petersburg Census Area (02-195) and part of Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (02-105) effective January 3, 2013; estimated population 3,203. - 2013-1-3,阿拉斯加州,皮特斯堡普查区 和 胡纳-安贡普查区 各一部分成立 皮特斯堡郡区 ; 皮特斯堡普查区 的剩余部分并入 威尔士亲王-海德普查区。
【译注: 皮特斯堡普查区 的区划代码由 皮特斯堡郡区 继承,因此不出现在下述撤销单位列表里。】 Deleted Counties or County Equivalent Entities 撤销的县或县级相当单位- Bedford (independent) city, Virginia (51-515):
Changed to town status and added to Bedford County (51-019) effective July 1, 2013. - 2013-7-1,弗吉尼亚州, 贝德福独立市 并入 贝德福县 。
Name and/or Code Changes or Corrections for Counties or County Equivalent Entities 县或县级相当单位的名称或代码更改或修正【译注:仅修正的情况已省略】- Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota (46-102)
Changed name and code from Shannon County (46-113) effective May 1, 2015. - Shannon County, South Dakota (46-113)
Changed name and code to Oglala Lakota County (46-102) effective May 1, 2015. - 2015-5-1,南达科他州, 香农县 改名为 奥格拉拉·拉科塔县 。
- Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska (02-158)
Changed name and code from Wade Hampton Census Area (02-270) effective July 1, 2015. - Wade Hampton Census Area, Alaska (02-270)
Changed name and code to Kusilvak Census Area (02-158) effective July 1, 2015. - 2015-7-1,阿拉斯加州,韦德·汉普顿普查区 改名为 库兹瓦克普查区 。
【译注:这两个都是改为原住民语言。预测以后会继续有类似情况。】 [ 此帖被echinops在2016-07-02 08:30重新编辑 ]
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